{"id":24737,"date":"2013-07-18T22:55:58","date_gmt":"2013-07-18T22:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=24737"},"modified":"2013-07-18T23:14:03","modified_gmt":"2013-07-18T23:14:03","slug":"heavy-breathing-on-the-line-the-ghost-of-databases-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=24737","title":{"rendered":"Heavy breathing on the line: The ghost of databases past"},"content":{"rendered":"

[dots connected by Lynn C. Rees]<\/p>\n

\"Sigh\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sigh<\/p>\n

What did Lucius Aemilius Paullus<\/a>\u00a0know and when did he know it<\/a>?<\/p>\n

Section 2, Amendment XIV<\/a>:<\/p>\n

Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Article I, Section 2,\u00a0U.S. Constitution:<\/p>\n

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers<\/a>, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed<\/a>, three fifths of all other Persons<\/a><\/del>. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

For working on the paternal genealogy of Howard Ira Milligan, my mother’s father,\u00a0U.S. Census<\/a> records have proved to be an important primary source.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Release of census<\/a> records is governed by Title 44 (PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS) CHAPTER 21 (NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION) Sec. 2108 (Responsibility for custody, use, and withdrawal of records)<\/a>\u00a0subsection (b) as amended by Public Law 95-416 (92 Stat. 915) <\/a>on October 5, 1978:<\/p>\n

(b) With regard to the census<\/a> and survey records of the Bureau of the Census<\/a> containing data identifying individuals enumerated in population censuses<\/a>, any release pursuant to this section of such\u00a0identifying information contained in such records shall be made by the Archivist<\/a> pursuant to the specifications and agreements set forth in the exchange of correspondence on or about the date of October 10, 1952<\/strong>, between the Director of the Bureau of the Census<\/a>\u00a0and the Archivist of the United States<\/a>, together with all amendments thereto, now or hereafter entered into between the Director of the Bureau of the Census<\/a> and the Archivist of the United States<\/a>. Such amendments, if any, shall be published in the Register<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The exchange of correspondence on or about the date of October 10, 1952 was conducted by Dr. Roy V. Peel<\/a>, Director, Bureau of the Census<\/a>, and Wayne C. Grover<\/a>, Archivist of the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Peel to Grover<\/a>:<\/p>\n

Department of Commerce<\/a><\/p>\n

Bureau of Census<\/a><\/p>\n

Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n

August 26, 1952<\/p>\n

Dr. Wayne C. Grover<\/a><\/p>\n

Archivist of the United States<\/a><\/p>\n

Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n

Dear Dr. Grover<\/a>:<\/p>\n

It is the policy of the Bureau of the Census<\/a> to provide the maximum physical protection for the records which document its major programs, and make available to as many people as possible the information contained in such records consistent with national security and the rights of individuals concerned. With these ends in mind, we wish to make the following proposals concerning the custody, maintenance and use of the records of individuals enumerated in decennial<\/a> population censuses<\/a>:<\/p>\n

The Bureau of the Census<\/a> will transfer to the National Archives and Records Service<\/a>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. the original schedules<\/a> of each decennial<\/a> population census<\/a> when they are no longer required by the Bureau of the Census<\/a> for active statistical use and when the National Archives and Records Service<\/a> can provide space and service for them;<\/li>\n
  2. the negative<\/a> microfilm<\/a> of such schedules<\/a> when the Bureau of the Census<\/a> has obtained a positive <\/a>copy of the microfilm<\/a>; and<\/li>\n
  3. the positive<\/a> microfilm<\/a> of these schedules<\/a> when they are no longer required by the Bureau of the Census<\/a> in its personal census<\/a> service activities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    The Bureau of the Census<\/a> desires that the National Archives and Records Service<\/a> observe the following provisions pertaining to the use and maintenance of these records subsequent to their transfer:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. All negative<\/a> microfilm<\/a> copies of decennial<\/a> population census<\/a> schedules<\/a> transferred to the National Archives and Records Service<\/a> shall be preserved as the permanent records of such censuses<\/a>. These negative<\/a> copies will not be used as searching media or inserted in reading devices except when necessary for inspection incident to the proper maintenance of such records.<\/li>\n
    2. The National Archives and Records Service<\/a> will, upon request by the Bureau of the Census<\/a>, furnish positive<\/a> prints of any negative<\/a> microfilm<\/a> which has been transferred to the former agency. The charge for this service will be the cost of the positive<\/a> film and its development, plus a service charge of not more than ten percent.<\/li>\n
    3. At no time after the National Archives and Records Service<\/a> has accepted custody of both the negative<\/a> and positive <\/a>microfilm<\/a> copies of the schedules<\/a> of a census<\/a> will both negative<\/a> and positive<\/a> copies of that census<\/a> be kept in the same city.<\/li>\n
    4. After the lapse of seventy-two years<\/strong> from the enumeration date of a decennial<\/a> census<\/a>, the National Archives and Records Service<\/a> may disclose information contained in these records for use in legitimate historical, genealogical or other worth-while research, provided adequate precautions are taken to make sure that the information disclosed is not to be used to the detriment of any of the persons whose records are involved. Prior to the lapse of time specified above, the information will be disclosed only by the Bureau of the Census<\/a> from microphotographic or other records in its possession.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Please let us know if these provisions are acceptable to you. If they are, we shall make the necessary arrangements to effect the movement of records now eligible for transfer.<\/p>\n

      Sincerely yours,<\/p>\n

      Roy V. Peel<\/a>,
      \n      Director.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      Grover to Peel<\/a>:<\/p>\n

      October 10, 1952<\/p>\n

      Dr. Roy V. Peel<\/a><\/p>\n

      Director, Bureau of the Census<\/a><\/p>\n

      Department of Commerce<\/a>, Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n

      Dear Dr. Peel<\/a>:<\/p>\n

      This is in reply to our offer to transfer periodically to the National Archives and Records Service<\/a> the original schedules<\/a> of each decennial<\/a> population census<\/a> when these are no longer needed for active statistical use, the negative<\/a> microfilm<\/a> of those population census<\/a> schedules<\/a> for which the Bureau of the Census<\/a> possesses adequate positive<\/a> microfilm<\/a> copies, and the positive<\/a> microfilm<\/a> copies of those population census<\/a> schedules<\/a> which the Bureau of the Census<\/a> no longer desires to retain for reference use.<\/p>\n

      In view of the established policy of the National Archives and Records Service<\/a> to relieve agencies of records accumulations no longer needed for current use, and to preserve those records deemed to be of permanent value, I am, in principle, in agreement with the transfer policy stated in your letter of August 26, 1952.<\/p>\n

      I am also in agreement with the conditions you state with respect to the use and maintenance of these records<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. that the master set of negative<\/a> microfilm<\/a> to be transferred shall be preserved as the permanent records of the decennial<\/a> population census<\/a> schedules<\/a>, and that the master negatives<\/a> and the positive<\/a> microfilm<\/a> copies shall not be kept in the same city;<\/li>\n
      2. that the National Archives and Records Service<\/a> will furnish the Bureau of the Census<\/a> with positive<\/a> prints of the negative<\/a> microfilm<\/a> whenever requested, and that the charge for such service shall not exceed the cost of the positive<\/a> film and its development plus an overhead of not more than ten percent, provided, however, that the production of the initial set of positive<\/a> microfilm<\/a> copies of a decennial<\/a> population census<\/a> shall be the responsibility of the Bureau of the Census<\/a>; and<\/li>\n
      3. that after \u201cseventy-two years<\/strong> from the enumeration date of a decennial<\/a> census<\/a>, the National Archives and Records Service<\/a> may disclose information contained in these records for use in legitimate historical, genealogical or other worth-while research.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

        With respect to the foregoing restrictions on disclosure of information it is understood that the applicable conditions of legitimacy will be those now in force:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. a searcher\u2019s reputation as in fact a research worker or professional genealogist;<\/li>\n
        2. a searcher\u2019s connection with an established institution of learning or research;<\/li>\n
        3. a searcher\u2019s connection with the person or family whose records are desired, either by immediate relationship or by authorization; and<\/li>\n
        4. the lapse of time since the appearance of possibly detrimental information, considered in conjunction with the legitimacy of public or scholarly interest in the factual data relating to a historical personage.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

           <\/p>\n

          In accordance with these mutually acceptable provisions, at your convenience we are prepared to make the necessary arrangements to effect the movement of records now eligible for transfer.<\/p>\n

          Sincerely yours,<\/p>\n

          Wayne C. Grover
          \n<\/a>          Archivist of the United States<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

          Following the Grover-Peel<\/a> Accord, census<\/a> records are made public after 72\u00a0years<\/a>. The most recent census<\/a> that qualifies is the Sixteenth Census<\/a> conducted in 1940.<\/p>\n

          Sixteenth Census, 1940<\/a><\/h2>\n

          \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

          Lines 7-12, sheet 12A<\/a> for Ward 1, Precinct 30-12, Salt Lake City<\/a>, Salt Lake<\/a>, Utah<\/a>, United States<\/a>\u00a0enumerate:<\/p>\n

          LOCATION<\/h4>\n