{"id":4044,"date":"2011-06-06T05:39:56","date_gmt":"2011-06-06T05:39:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=4044"},"modified":"2011-06-06T05:39:56","modified_gmt":"2011-06-06T05:39:56","slug":"with-greco-two-views-of-toledo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=4044","title":{"rendered":"With Greco: two views of Toledo"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ by Charles Cameron<\/strong> — perception, painting, pre-modern, modern, post-modern, heaven, sky, simulation, John Donne, El Greco ]<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

It is Sunday<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

I find it powerfully interesting that the sky as perceived by painters (our “seers” par excellence) used to be filled with supernatural beings and is currently filled with <\/strong>natural ones — a clear sign that our culture has effectively moved<\/strong> from what one might call a theological vision of the world<\/strong> to a meteorological one<\/strong> (with astronomical trimmings under a clear sky)\u2026<\/p>\n

And I see that transition captured very precisely in four words, when John Donne<\/strong> writes:<\/p>\n

At the round earths imagin’d corners, blow
\nYour trumpets, Angells, and arise, arise
\nFrom death, you numberlesse infinities
\nOf soules, and to your scattred bodies goe\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The “round earth” is that of modern science, the “imagin’d corners” those of pre-modern maps \u2013 and angelology.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

I have to admit, therefore, that I was surprised yesterday evening to come across an El Greco<\/strong> painting of Toledo that featured the blessed Virgin Mary<\/strong> over the city.<\/p>\n

I have long been familiar with his better known View of Toledo<\/strong><\/em>, which is entirely naturalistic unless you want to consider storm-clouds as portents of a divine presence —<\/p>\n

\"quo-sky-over-toledo.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

but the second of these images, from the View and Plan of Toledo<\/strong><\/em>, came as quite a surprise\u2026<\/p>\n

Here is a detail of the Virgin taken from it, to illustrate the point:<\/p>\n

\"el-greco_view-and-plan-of-toledo_detalhe2_c1610.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

El Greco is famous for painting heaven-and-earth as a continuum \u2013 his great masterpiece, the Burial of Count Orgaz<\/strong><\/em>, catches the release of the soul from its bodily sheath as directly as Donne’s “to your scattred bodies goe” does to the return of those souls to corporeality at the General Resurrection:<\/p>\n

\"entierro-del-conde-de-orgaz-sm.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

And yet El Greco, like Donne, sees both \u2013 Toledo under storm-clouds, Toledo under the shelter of the blessed Virgin\u2026<\/p>\n

But there is more here, in this extraordinary painting. There is a map of the territory<\/strong>\u2026<\/p>\n

\"quo-greco-toledo.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

If I could say in a nutshell what post-modern<\/strong> is, I would say it is recursive<\/strong>. It recognizes our perceived reality to be a simulation, and is thus always playing with maps and models, as Shakespeare <\/strong>was when he penned the words “All the world’s a stage” to be spoken in a theater whose sign and motto was “Totus mundus agit histrionem” \u2013 the whole world enacts a play.<\/p>\n

Think of Hofstadter<\/strong>‘s Godel Escher Bach<\/em><\/strong>. Of Escher<\/strong> himself, and his image of himself holding his own small world in a glass sphere in his hand\u2026<\/p>\n

Think of Korzybski<\/strong>, and his dictum: the map is not the territory<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Think of Gregory Bateson<\/strong>, who wrote:<\/p>\n

We say the map is different from the territory. But what is the territory? Operationally, somebody went out with a retina or a measuring stick and made representations which were then put on paper. What is on the paper map is a representation of what was in the retinal representation of the man who made the map; and as you push the question back, what you find is an infinite regress, an infinite series of maps. The territory never gets in at all. [\u2026] Always, the process of representation will filter it out so that the mental world is only maps of maps, ad infinitum.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Astoundingly, presciently \u2013 prophetically? \u2013 El Greco is already alluding to this, around 1610, in his View and Plan of Toledo<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"11777-view-and-plan-of-toledo-el-greco-sm.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

El Greco’s Burial of Count Orgaz<\/strong><\/em> is in the Church of Santo Tom\u00e9<\/strong> in Toledo.<\/p>\n

El Greco’s View and Plan of Toledo<\/strong><\/em> is in the Museo de El Greco<\/strong>, Toledo.<\/p>\n

Here is the complete text of Donne’s sonnet:<\/p>\n

\n

At the round earths imagin’d corners, blow
\nYour trumpets, Angells, and arise, arise
\nFrom death, you numberlesse infinities
\nOf soules, and to your scattred bodies goe,
\nAll whom the flood did, and fire shall o’erthrow,
\nAll whom warre, dearth, age, agues, tyrannies,
\nDespaire, law, chance, hath slaine, and you whose eyes,
\nShall behold God, and never tast deaths woe.
\nBut let them sleepe, Lord, and mee mourne a space,
\nFor, if above all these, my sinnes abound,
\n‘Tis late to aske abundance of thy grace,
\nWhen wee are there; here on this lowly ground,
\nTeach mee how to repent; for that’s as good
\nAs if thou’hadst seal’d my pardon, with thy blood.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n

El Greco’s View of Toledo<\/strong><\/em> is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art<\/strong><\/a> in New York:<\/p>\n

\"29_1006.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Here we find no blessed Virgin, no angels with their final trumpets — and yet this painting can be viewed as analogous to his Vision of Saint John<\/a><\/em><\/strong> and the opening of the Fifth Seal — which owes its power to its “otherworldly stormy light” — and thus seen as yet another apocalyptic scene<\/a>, one which “recalls St. John’s vision of the New Jerusalem in the Book of Revelations … a landscape of unearthly power and drama: a dialogue between heaven and earth conducted appropriately by the cathedral spire…”<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ by Charles Cameron — perception, painting, pre-modern, modern, post-modern, heaven, sky, simulation, John Donne, El Greco ] . It is Sunday. I find it powerfully interesting that the sky as perceived by painters (our “seers” par excellence) used to be filled with supernatural beings and is currently filled with natural ones — a clear […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[622,385,526,497,21,215,113,294,23,462,562,436,533,523,63,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-apocalyptic","category-art-history","category-charles-cameron","category-christianity","category-creativity","category-culture","category-framing","category-historiography","category-insight","category-metacognition","category-perception","category-psychology","category-religion","category-theology","category-thoughts-illustrated","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4044"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4044\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}