{"id":62965,"date":"2019-03-03T03:14:51","date_gmt":"2019-03-03T03:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=62965"},"modified":"2019-03-05T20:45:15","modified_gmt":"2019-03-05T20:45:15","slug":"limina-thresholds-more-on-spaces-between-their-importance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=62965","title":{"rendered":"Limina, thresholds, more on spaces-between &#038; their importance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[ by <strong>Charles Cameron<\/strong> &#8212; from one thing to another &#8212; and it&#8217;s the gaps &#8212; the in-betweens &#8212; the leaps &#8212; the links &#8212; the bonds between them that truly matter ]<br \/>\n.<\/p>\n<p>Blog-friend <strong>Bryan Alexander<\/strong> concludes his blog post <a href=\"https:\/\/bryanalexander.org\/horizon-scanning\/casualties-of-the-future-college-closures-and-queen-sacrifices\/\">Casualties of the future: college closures and queen sacrifices<\/a> with a clip from <em>Babylon 5<\/em>. What exactly does that have to do with <strong>Admiral McRaven<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/bricks-transition_Cogdog-600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-62968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/bricks-transition_Cogdog-600.png 600w, https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/bricks-transition_Cogdog-600-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A difference between bricks and bricks<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>That&#8217;s from near the top of <strong>Bryan<\/strong>&#8216;s post.<\/p>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bryan<\/strong>, lately of Vermont and now at Georgetown, is our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/education\/archive\/2018\/06\/heres-how-higher-education-dies\/561995\/\">keenest observer of the higher educational future<\/a>. He coined the term <a href=\"https:\/\/bryanalexander.org\/uncategorized\/peak-education-2013\/\">peak higher education in 2013<\/a> &#8212; like peak oil, but for education, right? &#8212; and has been tracking it since then. At some point, he added the notion of queen sacrifice &#8212; &#8220;A queen sacrifice is when a college or university cuts faculty, especially full-time professors, usually as part of shrinking or ending certain academic programs&#8221; &#8212; and has made at least sixty posts in which queens are sacrificed, and one on <a href=\"https:\/\/bryanalexander.org\/research-topics\/a-campus-slashes-sports-a-knight-or-rook-sacrifice\/\">a knight or rook sacrifice?<\/a> (sports). <strong>Bryan<\/strong>&#8216;s latest post is <strong>Casualties of the future<\/strong>. In it, he writes:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>That academic phase hasn\u2019t been clearly replaced yet. The new phase\u2019s nature isn\u2019t fully evident. Perhaps its outlines will become apparent after several years of change.  I\u2019ve speculated on what that next higher education phase might look like here and elsewhere.  But for now, let\u2019s consider the present as a moment in between those two phases.  That\u2019s our time, right in the midst of a switching period, a liminal space, marked by uncertainty and instability.  We\u2019re in a boundary zone.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Okay: a <strong>gentleman scholar<\/strong> as wise as he is bearded &#8212; and that&#8217;s a considerable double-barreled compliment &#8212; sees fit to emphasize the <strong><em>liminal<\/em><\/strong> in his latest broadside on higher education and its current obsession with cutting <strong>arts and humanities programs<\/strong> and various faculty members &#8212; ahem, bringing new and far broader meaning, in fact, to the concept of <em>cutting classes<\/em>. And why?<\/p>\n<p>Why provide a graphic of brick wall(s) unless, somehow, the idea of breaks, gaps, thresholds, borders, leaps, in short <strong><em>the liminal<\/em><\/strong>, is of intrinsic importance?<\/p>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<p>Picking up on What does it mean to be a Canadian citizen? where we left off in <a href=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=62915\">Walls. Christianity &#038; poetry. And nations, identities &#038; borders<\/a>, with the questions:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Is citizenship a kind of subscription service, to be suspended and resumed as our needs change? Are countries competing service providers, their terms and conditions subject to the ebbs and flows of consumer preference? Edmund Burke long ago articulated an ambitious vision of society as a \u201cpartnership not only between those who are living, but between those who are living, those who are dead, and those who are to be born.\u201d Does any of that still resonate? Or is it a bygone idea of a vanished age, dissolved in a globalized world?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>We can consider the cases of women from the US, UK and elsewhere who volunteered for ISIS and now wish to return home.<\/p>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a paragraph to transition us smoothly:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>How easy should it be to give up your citizenship? In the era of Oswald, it could be difficult\u2014like joining an especially selective monastic order that turns away aspirants until they kneel in the snow for a few days outside the monastery or consulate\u2019s doors. Now a U.S. citizen can stop being American with a single visit to a consulate. (Most renounce not for ideological reasons but to avoid the complications of living as an American expatriate, subject to dual taxation and bureaucratic requirements far more onerous than for expatriates of almost any other country.)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>That&#8217;s from <strong>Graeme Wood<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2019\/02\/isis-fighters-begum-and-muthana-should-remain-citizens\/583450\">Don&#8217;t Strip ISIS Fighters of Citizenship<\/a><\/p>\n<p>See also:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<li><strong>Amarnath Amarasingam<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk\/entry\/shamima-begum-isis-bride_uk_5c6d6121e4b0e2f4d8a1627a\">Revoking Citizenship of ISIS Members is Not the Answer<\/a>\n<li><strong>Dan Byman<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2019\/02\/21\/the-wrong-decision-on-hoda-muthana\/\">The wrong decision on Hoda Muthana<\/a><\/li>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>That&#8217;s a <strong><strong>liminal<\/strong> <\/strong>issue, questions of citizenship and borders are <strong><em>liminal<\/em><\/strong>. And <strong>Bryan <\/strong>is talking <strong><em>liminality <\/em><\/strong>when he talks education.<\/p>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a quick <em><strong>liminal <\/strong><\/em>zing from <strong>Abigail Tracy<\/strong>, in the title and subtitle of here <em>Atlantic <\/em>piece:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/header-between-the-lines.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"514\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-62978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/header-between-the-lines.png 600w, https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/header-between-the-lines-300x257.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I&#8217;d have been happy to include this in my <strong>chyrons and headers <\/strong>collection, but <strong>between the lines<\/strong> is too nicely <strong><em>liminal <\/em><\/strong>to miss. <\/p>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<p>A <strong>limen <\/strong>is a <<em><strong>threshold<\/strong><\/em>: it &#8216;s neither one thing nor the other, it&#8217;s in-between. And in-between is a time or state of transition, often tricky &#8212; think of the <strong>interregnum <\/strong>between the election of a President and his or her Inauguration &#8212; and often deeply human &#8212; we&#8217;re stuck with human nature, every one of us, which as <strong>Solzhenitsyn <\/strong>noted has a fault line in it more significant perhaps than even the fissure that separates our left and right cerebral hemispheres. Stunning us, he wrote:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>If only it were all so simple! If only there were evil people somewhere insidiously committing evil deeds, and it were necessary only to separate them from the rest of us and destroy them. But the line dividing good and evil cuts through the heart of every human being. And who is willing to destroy a piece of his own heart?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>There&#8217;s <strong><em>liminality <\/em><\/strong>for you.<\/p>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s how <strong>Bryan <\/strong>ends his post:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Babylon-5:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dUbFHOXJaHI\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Listen:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>There is a greater darkness than the one we fight. It is the darkness of the soul that has lost its way. The war we fight is not against powers and principalities, it is against chaos and despair. Greater than the death of flesh is the death of hope, the death of dreams. Against this peril we can never surrender. The future is all around us, waiting in moments of transition, to be born in moments of revelation. No one knows the shape of that future, or where it will take us. We know only that it is always born in pain.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><em>The war we fight is not against powers and principalities<\/em> &#8212;  see my earlier post today on <a href=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=63086\">spiritual warfare<\/a>. And <em>The future is all around us, waiting in moments of transition, to be born in moments of revelation<\/em> &#8212; the horror, the blessing of <strong><em>liminality<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>And Admiral <strong>McRaven<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TBuIGBCF9jc\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>He too <a href=\"https:\/\/fs.blog\/2014\/05\/10-life-lessons-william-mcraven\/\">deals with the fight against chaos<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><em>SEAL training is the great equalizer: If you want to change the world, measure a person by the size of their heart<\/em> &#8212; and that deep sense of being equalized by sand. tide, and fatigue, brings with it fine-grained humility and profound bonding with ones&#8217; fellows.<\/p>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<p><strong>Victor Turner<\/strong> was the anthropologist who made <strong>liminality <\/strong>the corner-stone of his great work, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Ritual-Process-Structure-Anti-Structure-Lectures\/dp\/0202011909\">The Ritual Process<\/a> &#8212; see how closely his ideas correspond with <strong>McRaven<\/strong>&#8216;s SEAL training.  Back in my early <a href=\"http:\/\/csc.asu.edu\/2012\/07\/16\/liminality-ii-the-serious-part\/\">post on the topic<\/a> here on ZP, I wrote:<\/p>\n<p><em>Basing his own work on van Gennep\u2018s account of rites of passage, Turner sees such rites as involving three phases: before, liminal, and after.<\/p>\n<li>Before, you\u2019re a civilian, after, you\u2019re a Marine \u2014 but during, there\u2019s an extraordinary moment when you\u2019ve lost your civilian privileges, not yet earned your Marine status, and are less than nothing \u2014 as the drill sergeant constantly reminds you \u2014 and yet feel an intense solidarity with your fellows.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/marine-drill-sergeant1.png\"><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Before, you\u2019re a novice, not yet \u201cprofessed\u201d, after, you\u2019re a monk \u2014 but during, you lie prostrate on the paving stones of the abbey nave as you transition into lifelong vows of poverty, chastity and obedience.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/prostration1.png\"><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>There are two things to note here. One is that liminality is a *humility* device, the other is that is creates a strong sense of bonding which Turner calls *communitas*: in one case, the Marine\u2019s esprit de corps, in the other quite literally a monastic community. Part of what is so fascinating here is the (otherwise not necessarily obvious) insight that humility and community are closely related.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<p>earlier Zenpundit posts on liminality and borders, among them:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=11103\">Liminality II: the serious part<\/a>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=42167\">Of border crossings, and the pilgrimage to Arbaeen in Karbala<\/a>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=59156\">Violence at three borders, naturally it\u2019s a pattern<\/a>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=61440\">Borders, limina and unity<\/a>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=61966\">Borders as metaphors and membranes<\/a>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=62566\">McCabe and Melber, bright lines and fuzzy borders<\/a>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=62915\">Walls. Christianity &#038; poetry. And nations, identities &#038; borders<\/a><\/li>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>But go back to that first post, <a href=\"http:\/\/zenpundit.com\/?p=11103\">Liminality II: the serious part<\/a>, and read the whole thing. The story of the <strong>USS Topeka, SSN-754<\/strong> alone is worth the effort..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[ by Charles Cameron &#8212; from one thing to another &#8212; and it&#8217;s the gaps &#8212; the in-betweens &#8212; the leaps &#8212; the links &#8212; the bonds between them that truly matter ] . Blog-friend Bryan Alexander concludes his blog post Casualties of the future: college closures and queen sacrifices with a clip from Babylon [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[662,1210,898,526,1577,34,37,1047,1223,1833,702,1498,1822,374,868,1012,1,1763],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog-friends","category-bryan-alexander","category-canada","category-charles-cameron","category-chess","category-education","category-futurism","category-isis","category-liminal","category-mcraven","category-monasticism","category-mueller","category-nation-state","category-navy","category-sacred","category-seals","category-uncategorized","category-wall"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62965","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=62965"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62965\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63286,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62965\/revisions\/63286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=62965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=62965"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenpundit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=62965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}