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Oslo and Utoya — some other reading

[ by Charles Cameron — round-up of commentary, varied sources ]

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There has been a great deal written already about the events in Oslo and Utoya, and some of the most interesting materials are to be found in slightly out of the way places — and places can be “out of the way” for people because they’re ideologically opposed to one’s own central reading, as Valdis Krebs once notably showed with a social network graph of political book purchases on Amazon.

Accordingly, I am posting a slightly annotated list of pieces that I’ve found interesting over the last couple of days, not including much in the way of major news media, and slanting a bit left since the ZP readership arguably slants a bit right — although as a monarchist jungian zenman myself, I find the whole idea of birds flying with only one wing imaginatively implausible, morally reprehensible and biologically unsound.

In alphabetical order as organized by the titles of the relevant files on my own computer, then, to avoid favoritism:

Breivik and Al-Qaeda by Will McCants on Jihadica. McCants has come in for some unjust criticism recently, this piece is important because he’s among out best AQ specialists, and highlights Breivik‘s interest in AQ which at times amounts to “mirroring” ( see Abu Muqawama quoting Marc Sageman below)

Anders Behring Breivik: Soldier in the Christian Right Culture Wars, by Chip Berlet on Talk to Action. Berlet is an astute analyst from the left, one of the few political analysts with keen insight into apocalyptic and millennial thinkin, and a colleague from Center for Millennial Studies days.  He has various other relevant posts up at Talk to Action.

Why right-wing domestic terrorists are our big blind spot: Let’s start with the media, by David Neiwert on Crooks & Liars features a totally mistaken attack on Will McCants (see above), and included here for that reason. Niewert is best as a monitor of far right militia groups and generally worth reading.

Thomas Hegghammer via Will McCants on Twitter. Hegghammer is a first-class Norwegian terrorism analyst, and his tweeted comments to McCants can be found in McCants’ twitter feed, but will soon disappear — replaced by other tweets worth noting.

What did the Oslo killer want? by Blake Hounshell at Foreign Policy — listed here for the brilliant quip quotation from Breivik: “Just like Jihadi warriors are the plum tree of the Ummah, we will be the plum tree for Europe and for Christianity.”  That’s a killer quote.

In response to Norway attacks, right-wing bloggers suddenly demand nuance, by Adam Serwer on the Washington Post’s Plum Line blog. Key quote, slightly redactedfor my purposes: “[ that ] school of analysis, which puts the blame on all Muslims for acts of terrorism perpetrated by Islamic extremists, has been fully discredited – … – terrorist acts are committed by individuals, and it is those individuals who should be held responsible.” That’s not the whole picture, but it’s a consideration.

Initial Plagiarism Test of Breivik’s Manifesto w/ the Unabomber’s by Jarret Brachman. I’m glad Brachman is doing “plagiarism analysis” of Breivik’s texts — I suggested to Chris Anzalone that he might try some if his university has the facilities — and Brachman has also been “Wordling” Breivik and the Unambomber. If the Open Source Center has translated Musab al-Suri by now, there’s another Wordle project that might prove interesting — and more generally, someone ought to compare al-Suri’s 1500 page A Terrorist’s Call to Global Jihad with Breivik’s similarly extensive manifesto — after all, both of them are espousing what Louis Beam called “leaderless resistance”…

Technological and Lone Operator Terrorism: Prospects for a Fifth Wave of Global Terrorism, a paper by Jeffrey D. Simon. I don’t know if this has been published yet, but it picks up on David Rapoport‘s seminal “The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism”. Blog-friend Jean Rosenfeld might like to comment further.

JOURNAL: Knights Templar, by John Robb at Global Guerrillas.  John makes the connection between Breivik’s Templars and the Mexican narco-gangs we’ve discussed several times at ZP recently, a connection which David Ronfeldt also made in a comment here.  Sharp guys, sharp eyes.

Is Norway’s Suspected Murderer Anders Breivik a Christian Terrorist? by Mark Juergensmeyer at Religion Dispatches.  Juergensmeyer is one of the pre-eminent scholars of religious violence, someone who has interviewed a wide variety of activists from half a dozen religious traditions at least, east and west. His book, Terror in the Name of God, is a must read. Key conclusions here — read him to get his reasons for saying these things — “If bin Laden is a Muslim terrorist, Breivik and McVeigh are surely Christian ones” and “in an imagined cosmic warfare time is suspended, and history is transcended as the activists imagine themselves to be acting out timeless roles in a sacred drama.” All in all, a powerful piece.

Quote of the Day by Abu Muqawama at CNAS:

Marc Sageman, a former C.I.A. officer and a consultant on terrorism, said it would be unfair to attribute Mr. Breivik’s violence to the writers who helped shape his world view. But at the same time, he said the counterjihad writers do argue that the fundamentalist Salafi branch of Islam “is the infrastructure from which Al Qaeda emerged. Well, they and their writings are the infrastructure from which Breivik emerged.”

“This rhetoric,” he added, “is not cost-free.”

Oslo Shooter A Frightening Reminder of Radical Right Terrorist Threat, by Heidi Beirich at SPLC’s HateWatch. Like them or not, SPLC keeps tabs on “homegrown” violence and the rhetoric that arguably enables it in the US context.

Amy Winehouse and the Norway Tragedy: Being More like God, by the Tailor of the Good Garment. The Tailor has a unique “Tailorite” angle on Islam and Sufism, is highly intelligent and highly unorthodox, and recently issued his own book which I look forward to reading — and probably won’t entirely understand. This post should be of interest especially to religious experts.

The Irrelevance of the Knights in a Global Society, by Juan Cole at Informed Comment. If Cole is irreverent enough to have had the White House on his tail, he’s probably (a) a familiar name to Zenpundit readers and (b) worth reading.  This is quite a pair of sentences:

Breivik’s medieval romanticism, his artificial European nativism, his pan-Christian vision, his hierarchical, racist view of society, all belong to bits and pieces of past dark episodes in European history. It is as though he has picked through the trash heap of history and attempted to resurrect broken icons, toys and ruined weapons.

The Terror Attacks in Oslo: Anders Behring Breivik on the Middle East and Islam, by Reidar Visser on Iraq and Gulf Analysis. Keeping the best for last, am I? Well, almost. Visser is one of the foremost analysts of Iraq, and as you’d expect, he gets into some fine detail.  Writing of the 2083 text, he says:

There is also more detailed commentary on the Middle East, with quotes supportive of the idea of a Christian federal region in Iraq as well as the Syrian Baathist, Allawite-led regime, because of its protection of Christians! But the action plan in this second document is far more chilling and foreshadows the violence that was unleashed in Oslo on 22 July.

Whether today’s alleged mass murder already coexisted with the armchair generalist who wrote far-fetched but moderately eloquent postings on document.no in October 2010 or whether Breivik was subject to a subsequent process of radicalisation that concluded with his violent attempt at declaring “European independence” remains to be seen.

Finally, Why the European Right Can’t Be Blamed for the Tragedy in Norway, by Joshua Foust at The Atlantic. Foust is another excellent and informed analyst, with a focus on Afghanistan and environs. I have my doubts about some readings of his conclusion here — “To really answer the question of why Breivik committed such atrocity, we have to move beyond his politics and his carefully placed manifesto” — but his point about the rhetoric of the right is a powerful antidote to other articles in my list.

And kudos to Kevin I Slaughter, who brought the Manifesto to our attention. He found it on Stormfront

That’s it — gotta run.  My freshly-minted 13-yr-old awaits his dad.

12 Responses to “Oslo and Utoya — some other reading”

  1. Lars M Says:

    A commentary by UK based newspaper The Guardian, on the dubious amount of guesswork by the media, and the added confusion it adds:

    http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jul/24/charlie-brooker-norway-mass-killings?mobile-redirect=false

  2. joey Says:

    Glenn Beck has likened the Gunman’s victims to the Hitler Youthhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jul/26/glenn-beck-norwegian-dead-hitler
    You stay classy San Diego…

  3. onparkstreet Says:

    “This rhetoric,” he added, “is not cost-free.”
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    Nothing is cost-free. Not even the "rhetoric" of smug above-it-all dismissal….
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    But I like to tease the good Dr. Ex’s blog. It’s an old habit of mine and I ought to learn better by now.
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    The blog "brownpundits" has some interesting observations completely outside the barking dog norm, too.
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    The following thread is interesting:
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    http://www.brownpundits.com/2011/07/24/right-wing-extremist-charged-in-norway/#comments
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    Personally, I’m detoxing from the internet for a bit. Reading Milan Kundera and Immortality.
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    Take care all,
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    – Madhu

  4. onparkstreet Says:

    My first comment is still awaiting moderation so I hope this comment doesn’t seem out of sequence, but….
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    I feel embarrassed that I didn’t think of this kind of "reprisal" terrorism given my interest in things South Asian (SA’s living in the West and so forth).
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    That’s the way some Indian diaspora papers talk about Hindu ("Hinduvata?") terrorism. They use the term "reprisal" as in reprisal to Islamist terrorism.
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    I find the term reprisal morally problematic yet the discussions regarding the Norway terrorist are similar to those discussions.
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    – Madhu

  5. Charles Cameron Says:

    That’s a neat point about "reprisal terrorism", Madhu. I hadn’t thought of this in those terms, although I’m familiar with the violence over Ayodhya, the Gujerat riots, etc.
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    It’s interesting, though, that while Breivik clearly saw the battle over Europe as being one of Islamization vs his kind of return of Christendom, his actual targets were the liberal "enablers" of Islamization, rather than Muslims.

  6. david ronfeldt Says:

    which is why i hasten to add, charles, that brievik’s mindset is about tribalism — extreme tribalism — more than other social frames, including religion: 
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    everything he is upset about — ethnic impurity, multiculturalism, islam, etc. — fits the tribalized mindset, resulting in a stark staunch us-vs.-them mentality, bent on vengeance, justified by selected religious beliefs. 
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    it’s not that he is mirror-imaging al qaeda or anyone else; it’s that he is replicating a standard long-established frame that exists for anyone of any religion to draw on.  and once gripped by its heat, it becomes justifiable to kill anyone of the other tribe or clan. 
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    i suppose most such fanatics would start by targetting whoever are “them” on the other side first.  but breivik has started by targetting the parts of “us” that he claims have betrayed his cultural ideals.  but that too fits the tribes framework, as an expression of clan warfare. 
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    anyway, many thanks for posting this literature survey.  it’s a big help.
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  7. Charles Cameron Says:

    I’m glad you found it useful.
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    > brievik’s mindset is about tribalism — extreme tribalism — more than other social frames, including religion <
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    I think that’s fair enough, David:
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    There’s an area that I’m interested in, and on different occasions delighted, infuriated and terrified by, which has to do with imagination, inspiration and intuition.  In disciplinary terms, it has led me to comparative religion, cultural anthropology and depth psychology — in terms of people, to Eliade, Corbin, Scholem; Victor Turner & Clifford Geertz, Bateson; and Norman O Brown, Jung and Hillman.  But that’s about me, and my own predilections and areas of interest — and I tend to use the word religion as a sort of shorthand for that whole area.
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    I’d say that tribalism is certainly a part of it too, and perhaps better suited as a keyword in this case. 
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    But just as I think the words imagination, inspiration and intuition offer us three usefully different emphases in thinking of an unspecifiable "zone" — so I think that the motivations of people like UBL and Breivik are multifactorial, and that the exact specifications of the factors are more a matter of emphasis than classificatory exactness.
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    Which won’t (and shouldn’t) stop us trying to be precise… :  )

  8. onparkstreet Says:

    @ david ronfeldt:
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    Wow. That’s a fantastically interesting comment. I posted the following comment at Small Wars Journal which is related in a way:A clarification to may second comment:
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    On the use of "brown"….
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    Six or seven years ago, I started noticing that young South Asians (Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, etc.) living in the West started using "brown" as a catch-all for these various second and third-gen immigrant youth. Probably started earlier than that. Some of the Indian think tank websites I read make fun of the term South Asian but they are just being a bit, well, snotty and intellectually incurious.
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    It’s a perfectly valid western usage (they use the phrase "the West" all the time which is exactly the same) that along with the word "brown" is an attempt to meld the old melting-pot ideas of the United States with current Western concepts of multiculturalism.
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    Even if it’s not an explicit thing, that is what I think is going on.
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    http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/2011/07/us-accuses-iran-of-secret-alqa/#c022740
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    And B. Raman has the following post:
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    Right-thinking Hindus would feel puzzled and concerned over media reports regarding the many references to the Hindutva movement allegedly contained in the writings of Anders Behring Breivik, the 32-year-old Norwegian who carried out an immense carnage in Norway on July 22,2011, resulting in the massacre of nearly 80 Norwegians, many of them young.
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    http://ramanstrategicanalysis.blogspot.com/2011/07/hindutva-ideology-norwegian-carnage.html
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    – Madhu

  9. Charles Cameron Says:

    Hi, Madhu:
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    Thanks for the pointer to Raman’s piece.  It certainly deserves to be included in my "other reading" list above — perhaps it’s time for me to do "other readings ii".
    .
    When I first read it I started collecting Hindu and Hindutva related materials, both from the 2083 manifesto itself and from various news sources, thinking I’d write up a piece with that specific focus.  I suppose i still may — but others have probably done a decent job by now, so maybe there’s no need.
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    There are so many references to different strands of religion — Christian, Hindu, Odinist, etc — that Breivik hopes to bring into his coalition against Islam! I’m not sure I’ve seen such a variety in one place before, which is interesting in itself. 
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    And his references to sanatana dharma — and mention of Sita Ram Goel — are  certainly of interest.

  10. Charles Cameron Says:

    My apologies for initially misspelling your name, Madhu — I guess my fingers are all too used to typing "Mahdi"!
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    I’ve now corrected myself.

  11. onparkstreet Says:

    No worries. I make the same typo myself, sometimes!
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    – Madhu

  12. Charles Cameron Says:

    You are most gracious, Madhu.


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